Mixed-phase clouds over the Southern Ocean observed poleward of 66S by ship-based radar and lidar — Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society

Mixed-phase clouds over the Southern Ocean observed poleward of 66S by ship-based radar and lidar (#120)

Simon Alexander 1
  1. Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, TAS, Australia

Recently, ARM deployed a mobile facility aboard the Australian icebreaking vessel Aurora Australis for the MARCUS field campaign. The ship made three transects from Australia to Antarctica during the summer 2017-18 season. We examine three case studies of the passage of cyclones using data collected when the ship was near or adjacent to the East Antarctic coastline. We examine properties of mid-level mixed-phase clouds (MPCs), at altitudes 2-4km. We find that these mid-level MPCs contain multiple layers of super-cooled liquid water (SLW) embedded within (and precipitating) ice and are evident after the surface pressure has risen from its minimum. SLW layers are capped by a strong temperature inversion and are observed at temperatures as low as −31C. Convective cells are evident near the top of these complex MPCs, with downdrafts exceeding 2 m/s during one case: the horizontal extent of these cells is around 1.2 – 1.8 km. Ice precipitation is nearly ubiquitous, except in the thinnest clouds at the trailing end of the observed systems, with seeding of lower SLW layers from above leading to periods with either more ice or larger ice particles.

#amos2020