Retrieval of cloud liquid water using microwave signals from LEO satellites: a feasibility study — Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society

Retrieval of cloud liquid water using microwave signals from LEO satellites: a feasibility study (#1006)

Xi Shen 1 , David Huang 1
  1. The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia

Understanding the role of clouds is of great importance in many areas such as numerical weather prediction and climate studies, as clouds are not only vital in the hydrological cycle, but also crucial for the Earth’s radiation budget. Various instruments have been developed and deployed, such as microwave radiometers, cloud radars and lidars, to measure cloud liquid water (LWC) on a fine scale. However, due to the high cost and scarce distribution of such instruments, real-time global seamless high-resolution observation of clouds is still a challenge. In this feasibility study, we propose a novel cloud estimation approach as an auxiliary means to traditional methods, in which the attenuation of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite microwave links is used to retrieve LWC. Ku-band and Ka-band are usually used for the LEO communication links, and the liquid content in clouds significantly attenuates the links. For instance, for LWC of 1 g/m3 the specific attenuation at 30 GHz is about 0.88 dB/km. There are currently more than 1000 active LEO satellites in space, and this number is expected to grow significantly in the near future with the deployment of LEO constellations for broadband services (e.g., the constellations are being deployed by OneWeb and SpaceX). The communication links of these satellites provide off-the-shelf attenuation data that could be used for global cloud observations. To test the feasibility of the proposal, we utilize a synthetic cloud attenuation field generated by the Weather Research and Forecasting model. Combining a LEO satellite trajectory with a satellite-to-ground signal model, we simulate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation at the ground receivers and then use a tomographic algorithm to retrieve the cloud attenuation field. Simulation results show that the proposed approach has great potential for cloud retrieval.

#amos2020