Stabilised frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole under 1.5 °C warming — Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society
  1. Schedule
  2. 05. General oceanography session
  3. Stabilised frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole under 1.5 °C warming

Stabilised frequency of extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole under 1.5 °C warming (#75)

Guojian Wang 1 2 , Wenju Cai 1 2 , Agus Santoso 1 3 , Lixin Wu 2 , Toshio Yamagata 4
  1. Centre for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research (CSHOR), CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart
  2. Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography/Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies, Ocean University of China and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
  3. Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
  4. JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan

Extreme positive Indian Ocean Dipole (pIOD) affects weather, agriculture, ecosystems, and public health worldwide, particularly when exacerbated by an extreme El Niño. The Paris Agreement aims to limit warming below 2 °C and ideally below 1.5 °C in global mean temperature (GMT), but how extreme pIOD will respond to this target is unclear. Here we show that the frequency increases linearly as the warming proceeds, and doubles at 1.5 °C warming from the pre-industrial level (statistically significant above the 90% confidence level), underscored by a strong intermodel agreement with 11 out of 13 models producing an increase. However, in sharp contrast to a continuous increase in extreme El Niño frequency long after GMT stabilisation, the extreme pIOD frequency peaks as the GMT stabilises. The contrasting response corresponds to a 50% reduction in frequency of an extreme El Niño preceded by an extreme pIOD from that projected under a business-as-usual scenario.

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