Purple kauri pine (Agathis atropurpurea), a conifer native to Far North Queensland, Australia, forms anatomically distinct tree-rings and their growth is sensitive to changes in the environment. A crossdated tree-ring chronology has been developed for Mount Spurgeon, a tropical montane cloud forest in Far North Queensland (16.45°S 145.19°E and ~1,115 masl). This 572 year-long tree-ring chronology (1440 CE to 2012 CE) is the longest of its kind from mainland Australia. Growth monitoring with dendrometers found that annual rings are produced by A. atropurpurea trees during the September-April growth season which encompasses the monsoon season in this region of coastal Queensland. This growth appears to be driven by environmental moisture (e.g. cloudiness and precipitation). Unlike most tree-ring proxy records developed, this chronology shows significant negative relationships to precipitation during the monsoon and late-growth season months, as well as to the PDSI during the current and previous growth seasons and the previous post-monsoon seasons. This indicates that intense monsoon activity as well as years with heavy late season rainfall deficits and/or severe drought conditions during the growth season inhibit tree growth. During multi-year droughts this can influence growth not only in the year these conditions occur but also show a continuing effect flowing into the following year. This chronology emphasizes the impact El Niño Southern Oscillation and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation have on climate variability in this region of the world and the role of water availability and energy limitation in tropical rainforests.